{"id":5129,"date":"2026-08-26T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-26T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.obernussdorf.sk\/?p=5129"},"modified":"2026-08-24T12:54:33","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T10:54:33","slug":"astrachan-biely","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.obernussdorf.sk\/en\/2026\/clanky\/astrachan-biely\/","title":{"rendered":"ASTRACH\u00c1N BIELY"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V r\u00e1mci seri\u00e1lu o star\u00fdch ovocn\u00fdch odrod\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 pestovali na\u0161i predkovia v Malokarpatskom regi\u00f3ne, ako \u010fal\u0161iu predstavujeme star\u00fa letn\u00fa odrodu jablone pravdepodobne z Ruska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee o tejto jabloni po\u010dujete prv\u00fd kr\u00e1t, mo\u017eno ste ju pestovali a mo\u017eno ju pozn\u00e1te pod in\u00fdm n\u00e1zvom, napr. Aszrach\u00e1ni feh\u00e9r alma, Orosz jeges alma, Asztrak\u00e1ni nyari, Astrachanskoje beloje, Astrak\u00e1n b\u00edl\u00fd, Astrakanischer Sommerapfel, Beli Astrahanec, D\u2019Astracan Blanche, Der Zikadapfel, Milerosa astracanica, Moskevsk\u00e9 jablko, Weisser Astrachan, White Astrachan, \u017ditnatka, \u017ditnavka, Pomme \u010fAstracan, Astracan Bianche, Astracan d\u2019Et\u00e9, Astrakanischer Sommer Apfel, Beloborodowa, Blanche Gel\u00e9e, Blanche Glac\u00e9e d\u2019Et\u00e9, Cicad Apfel, Eis Apfel, Fanarika, Gel\u00e9e, Pomme Gel\u00e9e d\u2019Et\u00e9, Pomme de Glace, Pomme de Glace d’Ete, Pomme de Glace H\u00e2tive, Pomme de Glace Transparente, Glace de Z\u00e9lande, Glac\u00e9e, Glac\u00e9e d\u2019Et\u00e9, Gr\u00fcner Liefl\u00e4nder Sommer Apfel, Konstantinopel Apfel, Mela d\u2019Astrakan, Pomme de Moscovie, Pomme de Moscovie d\u2019Et\u00e9, Moscovit\u00e9 Transparent Apple, Moskowiter Apfel, Nalivi-Jabloky, Pyrus Astracanica, Russian Ice Apple, Russischer Eis Apfel, Taffitai, Transparent Apple, Transparente d\u2019Astracan, Transparente d\u2019Et\u00e9, Transparente de Moscovie, Transparente de Zurich, White Astrakan, Zebner Saurer Jakobs Apfel, \u0410\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0430\u043d \u0431\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0439, Glac\u00e9e d’\u00c9t\u00e9, Glace de Z\u00e8lande, Transparent de Z\u00fcrich, Astracan blanche, Weisser Astracan a in\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako je uveden\u00e9 v \u00favode, ide o ve\u013emi star\u00fa odrodu poch\u00e1dzaj\u00facu pravdepodobne z Ruska, z okolia mesta Astrach\u00e1n. Prv\u00fd kr\u00e1t bola op\u00edsan\u00e1 v roku 1653 ako Glac\u00e9e d’\u00c9t\u00e9 (Nicolas de Bonnefond, le Jardin francais, 1653, str. 107).
Plody s\u00fa stredne ve\u013ek\u00e9 (57 – 70 mm \u0161irok\u00e9, 50 – 60 mm vysok\u00e9), splo\u0161tene-gu\u013eovit\u00e9, nepravideln\u00e9, jemne rebrovan\u00e9 pri kalichu. V\u00e1ha plodov je od  61 \u2013 130 g. Du\u017eina je pevn\u00e1, m\u00e4kk\u00e1, jemn\u00e1, \u0161\u0165avnat\u00e1, sladko-kysl\u00e1 a\u017e kysl\u00e1, aromatick\u00e1 a biela. Charakteristick\u00fdm znakom du\u017einy je tzv. sklovitos\u0165. \u0160upka plodov je jemn\u00e1, hladk\u00e1, leskl\u00e1, vonia jemne po jahod\u00e1ch, zeleno-\u017elt\u00e1, nesk\u00f4r slamovo-\u017elt\u00e1, na slne\u010dnej strane \u010derven\u00e9 l\u00ed\u010dko, ktor\u00e9 \u010dasto pokr\u00fdva v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu \u010das\u0165 plodu, v \u010dervenej ploche s\u00fa nezrete\u013en\u00e9 pruhy, pokryt\u00e1 jemn\u00fdm srie\u0148om. Na povrchu s\u00fa v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 biele lenticely. Stopka je kr\u00e1tka siln\u00e1, drevnat\u00e1, zakon\u010den\u00e1 siln\u00fdm k\u013abom, m\u00e1lokedy vy\u010dnieva nad stopkov\u00fa jamku, ktor\u00e1 je \u0161irokej a hlbokej stopkovej jamke. Kali\u0161n\u00e1 jamka je plytk\u00e1, stredne \u0161irok\u00e1 a sporadicky rebrovan\u00e1. Kalich je mal\u00fd a\u017e stredne ve\u013ek\u00fd, zatvoren\u00fd, \u0161picat\u00fd a vy\u010dnieva mierne nad plod. Kal\u00ed\u0161ne l\u00edstky s\u00fa vzpriamen\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plody sa zbieraj\u00fa v druhej polovici j\u00fala (odpor\u00fa\u010da sa zbiera\u0165 10 a\u017e 12 dn\u00ed pred dozret\u00edm), konzumne dozrievaj\u00fa do cca 10 dn\u00ed a uskladnen\u00e9 vydr\u017eia maxim\u00e1lne do polovice augusta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strom rastie v mladosti intenz\u00edvne, nesk\u00f4r rast mierne oslabuje. M\u00e1 vysok\u00fa, \u0161iroko-gu\u013eovit\u00fa, riedku, mierne ovisnut\u00fa korunu. Dorast\u00e1 do v\u00fd\u0161ky cca 5 – 7 metrov a \u0161\u00edrky 4 \u2013 6 metrov. V Mal\u00fdch Karpatoch sa mu relat\u00edvne dobre dar\u00ed, ke\u010f\u017ee dobr\u00e9 zn\u00e1\u0161a podmienky do nadmorskej v\u00fd\u0161ky cca 800 m.n.m. Je nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd na polohu a p\u00f4du. V suchej p\u00f4de v\u0161ak plody r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie m\u00fa\u010dnatej\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do plodivosti nastupuje pomerne skoro, a to v 4 a\u017e 5 roku po vysaden\u00ed. S prib\u00fadaj\u00facim vekom je \u00faroda vysok\u00e1 a striedav\u00e1, pri\u010dom \u00faplne plodivos\u0165 nevynech\u00e1va v \u017eiadnom roku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odpor\u00fa\u010da sa pestova\u0165 ako polokme\u0148, alebo vysokokme\u0148 a vy\u017eaduje len sporadick\u00fd zmladzovac\u00ed rez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak v\u00e1s Astrach\u00e1n biely zaujal a uva\u017eujete o jeho pestovan\u00ed, priklad\u00e1m e\u0161te p\u00e1r \u00fadajov. Pou\u017e\u00edva sa na priamu konzum\u00e1ciu, varenie a mu\u0161tovanie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Medzi v\u00fdhody tejto odrody patr\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n