{"id":4561,"date":"2025-09-18T07:49:21","date_gmt":"2025-09-18T05:49:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.obernussdorf.sk\/?p=4561"},"modified":"2025-09-18T07:49:22","modified_gmt":"2025-09-18T05:49:22","slug":"gravstynske","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.obernussdorf.sk\/en\/2025\/clanky\/stare-odrody\/gravstynske\/","title":{"rendered":"GRAV\u0160T\u00ddNSKE"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
17 Gravenstein<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V r\u00e1mci seri\u00e1lu o star\u00fdch ovocn\u00fdch odrod\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 pestovali na\u0161i predkovia v Malokarpatskom regi\u00f3ne, ako \u010fal\u0161iu predstavujeme star\u00fa jesenn\u00fa odrodu jablone p\u00f4vodom z Nemecka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee o tejto jabloni po\u010dujete prv\u00fd kr\u00e1t, mo\u017eno ste ju pestovali a mo\u017eno ju pozn\u00e1te pod in\u00fdm n\u00e1zvom, napr. Funtov\u00e9, Farlejov\u00e9, Hedb\u00e1vky, Graf\u0161t\u00fdnsk\u00e9, Graven\u0161t\u00fdnsk\u00e9, Grav\u0161t\u00fdnsk\u00e9 jablko, Graven\u0161t\u00fdnsk\u00e9 jablko, Gravensteiner, Der Gravensteiner, Gravenstein, Calvilla Gravensteiniensis, Grawsztynek, Grafensteinskoje, Blumen Calvill, Calville Grafensteiner, Diel\u2019s Sommerk\u00f6nig, Graefensteiner, Grafen Apfel, Grafensteiner, Gr\u00e4fensteiner, Grave Slije, Ohio Nonpareil, Paradies Apfel, Pomme Graefenstein, Prinzessin Apfel, Ripp Apfel, Sabine, Stroemling, Strohmer, Calville de Grafenstein, Grafen\u0161t\u011bjnskoje \u017eeltoje, Grafsztynek Prawdziwy, Grave Stigne, Grave Stige, Calville Gravenstein, Pomme de Gravestein, Gr\u00e5sten, Almindelig Graasteensaeble, Blumencalvill, Calville de Grafenstein, Calville de Gravenstein, Danish Graasteen, de Comte, Gelber Gravensteiner, Graasteen, Graasten, Graastensaeble, Grafenshteinskii kalvil, Grafenshteinskoe zeltoe, Grave Slige, Grave Sliji, Grave Stige, Grave Stigne, Gravstynke, Greastener, Gul Graastener, Gult Graasteensaeble, Harryman, Ohio Nonpareil, Pansky vonac, Paradies, Paradies Apfel, Paradiesapfel, Petergaard, Petersgaards Graasten, Ripp Apfel, Rippapfel, Romarin de Botzen, Sabin, Sabine, Sabine of the Flemings, Savine, Sommer Koning, Sommerkonig, Stroemling, Strohmer, Stromerling, Stromling a in\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1to jablo\u0148 bola n\u00e1jden\u00e1 v 17. storo\u010d\u00ed v Nemecku. Jej p\u00f4vod a aj n\u00e1zov sa odv\u00e1dza od z\u00e1mku Gravenstein v \u0160lesvicko-Hol\u0161t\u00fdnsko,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plod\u00ed stredn\u00e9 a\u017e ve\u013ek\u00e9, nepravideln\u00e9 gu\u013eovit\u00e9, ku\u017ee\u013eovit\u00e9 alebo splo\u0161ten\u00e9, mierne rebrovan\u00e9. Dosahuj\u00fa v\u00e1hu 150 \u2013 250 g. Du\u017eina je biela, alebo nezelenala, nesk\u00f4r bielo-\u017elt\u00fa a na vzduchu hnedne. Je krehk\u00e1, jemn\u00e1, ve\u013emi \u0161\u0165avnat\u00e1, sladko-kysl\u00e1, korenist\u00e1, v\u00fdrazne aromatick\u00e1. \u0160upka je jemn\u00e1, pevn\u00e1, jemne osrienen\u00e1, po otret\u00ed leskl\u00e1, hladk\u00e1. Po\u010das dozrievania men\u00ed farbu zo svetlo-zelenej na svetlo-zeleno-\u017elt\u00fa a\u017e \u017elto-zlat\u00fa. Na slne\u010dnej strane m\u00e1 tmavo\u010derven\u00e9 \u017e\u00edhan\u00e9 l\u00ed\u010dko, pr\u00edpadne cel\u00fd povrch je \u010dervene \u017e\u00edhan\u00fd. Na povrchu s\u00fa v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 lenticely. Kalich je otvoren\u00fd, roztr\u00fasen\u00e9 ko\u017eovit\u00fd a stopka kr\u00e1tka a siln\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jablk\u00e1 sa zbieraj\u00fa od za\u010diatku septembra, konzumne dozrievaj\u00fa v septembri a uskladnen\u00e9 vydr\u017eia do konca okt\u00f3bra (ich chu\u0165 je u\u017e ale v tomto \u010dase podpriemern\u00e1 a mierne zap\u00e1chaj\u00e4).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strom m\u00e1 mohutn\u00fa, vysok\u00fa, gu\u013eovit\u00fa a \u0161irok\u00fa korunu, nesk\u00f4r ovisnut\u00fa. Dorast\u00e1 do v\u00fd\u0161ky 6 – 8 metrov. V Mal\u00fdch Karpatoch sa mu dar\u00ed aj preto, \u017ee dobre zn\u00e1\u0161a podmienky do nadmorskej v\u00fd\u0161ky do cca 600 m.n.m. Uprednost\u0148uje chladnej\u0161ie polohy, av\u0161ak chr\u00e1nen\u00e9 pred vetrom. Vadia mi aj polohy pr\u00edli\u0161 bl\u00edzko vody, kde je nadmerne vlhk\u00e1 p\u00f4da. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ale zre reaguje aj na pr\u00edli\u0161 such\u00e9 p\u00f4dy. Strom za\u010d\u00edna plodi\u0165 dos\u0165 nesk\u00f4ro, a to v 8 a\u017e v 20 roku po vysaden\u00ed. \u00darodnos\u0165 je stredn\u00e1 a striedav\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odpor\u00fa\u010da sa pestova\u0165 ako polokme\u0148 a vysokokme\u0148, pri\u010dom je citliv\u00fd na rez, \u010do vedie k oddialeniu plodivosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak v\u00e1s Grav\u0161t\u00fdnske zaujalo a uva\u017eujete o jeho pestovan\u00ed, priklad\u00e1m e\u0161te p\u00e1r \u00fadajov. Pou\u017e\u00edva sa na priamu konzum\u00e1ciu, destilovanie, varenie a v\u00fdrobu v\u00edna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Medzi v\u00fdhody tejto odrody patr\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n