{"id":3602,"date":"2023-05-05T08:24:00","date_gmt":"2023-05-05T06:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.obernussdorf.sk\/?p=3602"},"modified":"2024-12-02T07:30:30","modified_gmt":"2024-12-02T06:30:30","slug":"ty-si-od-keho-od-emery-alebo-od-baby-evy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.obernussdorf.sk\/en\/2023\/clanky\/ty-si-od-keho-od-emery-alebo-od-baby-evy\/","title":{"rendered":"TY SI OD KEHO, OD EMERY ALEBO OD BABY EVY?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Aj touto ot\u00e1zkou by mohol za\u010da\u0165 rozhovor Hornoore\u0161ancov naroden\u00fdch pred rokom 1950. Emerencia Benovi\u010dov\u00e1 a Eva Koll\u00e1rovi\u010dov\u00e1 boli posledn\u00e9 dve p\u00f4rodn\u00e9 babice v na\u0161ej obci. Sn\u00e1\u010f nebolo nikoho, komu by nepomohli na svet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pre\u010do tak\u00fdto \u00favod? V dne\u0161n\u00fd de\u0148 si toti\u017e pripom\u00edname Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd de\u0148 p\u00f4rodn\u00fdch asistentiek a po starom by sme ich mohli prirovna\u0165 pr\u00e1ve k p\u00f4rodn\u00fdm babiciam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po\u010das na\u0161ich rozhovorov s pam\u00e4tn\u00edkmi n\u00e1s ni\u0165 spomienok <\/a>priviedla i k t\u00e9me p\u00f4rodn\u00fdch bab\u00edc, dnes by sme ich mohli nazva\u0165 p\u00f4rodn\u00fdmi asistentkami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kto boli \u017eeny, ktor\u00e9 zasv\u00e4tili svoj \u017eivot priv\u00e1dzaniu det\u00ed na svet a starostlivosti o ich matky? \u017deny, bez ktor\u00fdch by tu nebola dne\u0161n\u00e1 gener\u00e1cia Hornoore\u0161ancov?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sk\u00f4r, ne\u017e si viac pripomenieme u\u017e spomenut\u00e9 posledn\u00e9 babice z Horn\u00fdch Ore\u0161ian, vr\u00e1\u0165me sa e\u0161te viac do minulosti. V d\u00e1vnych dob\u00e1ch boli babice nevzdelan\u00e9 \u017eeny, ktor\u00e9 \u010dasto nevedeli ani \u010d\u00edta\u0165 a ani p\u00edsa\u0165. Venovali sa bylink\u00e1rstvu, \u010dasto aj m\u00e1gii, zariekaniu (okultizmu) a nebr\u00e1nili sa ani vykon\u00e1vaniu potratov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nem\u00f4\u017eme sa preto \u010dudova\u0165, \u017ee u\u017e v 18. storo\u010d\u00ed sa babiciam pr\u00edsne zakazovala in\u00e1 lie\u010dite\u013esk\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165, ako aj z\u00e1kroky na preru\u0161enie tehotenstva. Babice v\u0161ak \u010dasto nariadenia poru\u0161ovali a tak u\u017e v 30. rokoch 18. storo\u010dia stanovila Uhorsk\u00e1 zdravotn\u00e1 komisia dozor nad p\u00f4rodn\u00fdmi babicami a povinnos\u0165 ich \u0161koli\u0165 a presk\u00fa\u0161ava\u0165. V\u010faka M\u00e1rii Ter\u00e9zii sa za\u010dal kl\u00e1s\u0165 d\u00f4raz na vzdelanie, prax a za\u010dali sa vyd\u00e1va\u0165 u\u010debnice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skuto\u010dn\u00fd obrat nastal, ke\u010f sa od roku 1864 za\u010dali organizova\u0165 na \u00fazem\u00ed Slovenska \u0161kolenie p\u00f4rodn\u00ed\u010dok. I\u0161lo o jednorazov\u00e9 kurzy, kde v\u00fdu\u010dbu zabezpe\u010dovali kvalifikovan\u00ed a sk\u00fasen\u00ed p\u00f4rodn\u00edci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00edm posunom bolo otvorenie prvej \u0161koly pre p\u00f4rodn\u00e9 baby v roku 1873 v Bratislave. Jej zakladate\u013eom a prv\u00fdm riadite\u013eom bol Dr. J\u00e1n Ambro, ktor\u00fd nap\u00edsal a vydal v\u00f4bec prv\u00fa u\u010debnicu z pera slovensk\u00e9ho lek\u00e1ra \u2013 p\u00f4rodn\u00edka \u201eKniha o p\u00f4rodn\u00edctve pre baby\u201c. Uch\u00e1dza\u010dky o \u0161t\u00fadium museli vedie\u0165 \u010d\u00edta\u0165 a p\u00edsa\u0165 a udr\u017eova\u0165 osobn\u00fa hygienu r\u00fak, \u00fast a nechtov. Priemern\u00fd vek \u017eia\u010dok bol 26-30 rokov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Od tejto chv\u00edle existovali v Uhorsku dve kateg\u00f3rie p\u00f4rodn\u00fdch bab\u00edc: cedu\u013eov\u00e9 (absolvovali dvojmesa\u010dn\u00fd kurz a po \u00faspe\u0161nom absolvovan\u00ed sk\u00fa\u0161ky dostali cedu\u013eu) a babice diplomovan\u00e9 (absolvovali p\u00e4\u0165mesa\u010dn\u00fd kurz a z\u00edskali diplom).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roku 1922 vst\u00fapil do platnosti Z\u00e1kon \u010d. 236\/1922 Zb. v d\u00f4sledku ktor\u00e9ho bola ka\u017ed\u00e1 obec povinn\u00e1 postara\u0165 sa, aby chudobn\u00e9 rodi\u010dky dostali pri p\u00f4rode od p\u00f4rodnej asistentky (babice) bezplatne potrebn\u00fa pomoc a o\u0161etrenie. Preto obce za\u010dali na \u0161t\u00fadium na \u201ebabsk\u00fa \u0161kolu\u201c posiela\u0165 diev\u010dat\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 sa zaviazali, \u017ee po skon\u010den\u00ed ostan\u00fa pracova\u0165 v obci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V tejto dobe bola e\u0161te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina p\u00f4rodov prev\u00e1dzan\u00e1 v dom\u00e1cnostiach, \u010do sa prejavilo vo vysokej \u00famrtnosti matiek. \u00dastavn\u00e1 starostlivos\u0165 bola poskytovan\u00e1 vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej miere a\u017e od roku 1938, a to predov\u0161etk\u00fdm pre obyvate\u013eov miest. Pre obyvate\u013eov ded\u00edn boli p\u00f4rodnice v mest\u00e1ch \u010dasovo a technicky nedostupn\u00e9, ke\u010f\u017ee sanitky e\u0161te nechodili a ani cestn\u00e1 sie\u0165 nebola optim\u00e1lna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odkazom na p\u00f4sobenie p\u00f4rodn\u00fdch bab\u00edc v na\u0161ej obci je aj inzer\u00e1t, ktor\u00fd uverejnila Rada obce Horn\u00e9 Ore\u0161any 3.8.1926 v Slovenskom denn\u00edku. Z inzer\u00e1tu sa dozved\u00e1me, \u017ee sa uvo\u013enilo miesto p\u00f4rodnej baby. Z\u00e1ujemkyne museli predlo\u017ei\u0165 okrem \u017eiadosti, diplom, doklad o mravnosti a rodn\u00fd list. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa z inzer\u00e1tu dozved\u00e1me, \u017ee plat p\u00f4rodnej baby bol 300 K\u010ds za p\u00f4rod, plus honor\u00e1r na o\u0161etrovanie \u0161estonedeliek a \u017ee n\u00e1pl\u0148ou bolo aj bezplatn\u00e9 o\u0161etrovanie a vykon\u00e1vanie p\u00f4rodov pre najchudobnej\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K povinnostiam bab\u00edc patrili aj tieto funkcie a \u00fakony: predov\u0161etk\u00fdm samotn\u00fd p\u00f4rod, o\u0161etrenie rodi\u010dky a die\u0165a\u0165a (prv\u00fd k\u00fape\u013e, zavinutie die\u0165a\u0165a at\u010f.), starostlivos\u0165 o rodi\u010dku a die\u0165a v prvom t\u00fd\u017edni \u017eivota, \u00fa\u010das\u0165 na krste a krstin\u00e1ch, vedenie si z\u00e1pisn\u00edka o p\u00f4rodoch, oznamovanie p\u00f4rodov na obci at\u010f. V 50. rokoch pribudla babiciam nov\u00e1 \u00faloha. Medzi obyvate\u013ekami vidieka museli vykon\u00e1va\u0165 zdravotn\u00edcku osvetu, aby z\u00edskali rodi\u010dky pre p\u00f4rody v p\u00f4rodniciach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A tu sa u\u017e dost\u00e1vame k spomenut\u00fdm hornoore\u0161iansk\u00fdm babiciam. Emerencii Benovi\u010dovej a Eve Koll\u00e1rovi\u010dovej. Domy p\u00f4rodn\u00fdch bab\u00edc mali by\u0165 ozna\u010den\u00e9 cedu\u013ekami, \u010di to tak skuto\u010dne bolo u\u017e presne nevieme, no tie na\u0161e b\u00fdvali v domoch p\u00f4vodne ozna\u010den\u00fdch \u010d\u00edslami 143 a 146 ne\u010faleko od transform\u00e1tora na Hlavnej ulici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emeru, ako zvykn\u00fa menova\u0165 pam\u00e4tn\u00edci Emerenciu Benovi\u010dov\u00fa, m\u00f4\u017eeme definova\u0165 ako tzv. pansk\u00fa babu, ktor\u00e1 chodila hlavne po bohat\u0161\u00edch rodin\u00e1ch. Nie\u010do viac o jej p\u00f4soben\u00ed v na\u0161ej obci nap\u00ed\u0161eme v bud\u00facnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pre ostatn\u00fdch Hornoore\u0161ancov tu bola Baba Eva, \u010di\u017ee Eva Kol\u00e1rovi\u010dov\u00e1, roden\u00e1 \u0160tibr\u00e1niov\u00e1. Narodila sa v roku 1904. Do obce Horn\u00e9 Ore\u0161any sa privydala z Ne\u0161ticha. P\u00f4rodn\u00fa babu za\u010dala vykon\u00e1va\u0165 v roku 1926, kedy sem nast\u00fapila na z\u00e1klade u\u017e spomenut\u00e9ho inzer\u00e1tu. Jej prv\u00fdm odroden\u00fdm die\u0165a\u0165om bola M\u00e1ria Pluh\u00e1rov\u00e1 rod. Za\u0165kov\u00e1, ktor\u00fa odrodila v roku 1926 na Starej domovine. Nesk\u00f4r, ke\u010f u\u017e nemohla vykon\u00e1va\u0165 remeslo p\u00f4rodnej babice, pracovala v p\u00f4rodnici v Smoleniciach, a to a\u017e do odchodu do d\u00f4chodku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Posledn\u00e9 hornoore\u0161ansk\u00e9 babice na\u0161li nakoniec miesto svojho odpo\u010dinku na miestnom cintor\u00edne. Sme radi, \u017ee e\u0161te st\u00e1le \u017eije ve\u013ea pam\u00e4tn\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed na babice nezabudli. Bez ich pri\u010dinenia a ochoty by \u010dl\u00e1nok v takomto rozsahu nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 nap\u00edsa\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Touto cestou \u010fakujeme v\u0161etk\u00fdm, ktor\u00ed pochopili v\u00fdznam zachovania \u00fastneho podania na\u0161ej spolo\u010dnej hist\u00f3rie a te\u0161\u00edme sa na \u010fal\u0161ie rozhovory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(JS)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

foto: rodina \u017da\u017eov\u00e1<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aj touto ot\u00e1zkou by mohol za\u010da\u0165 rozhovor Hornoore\u0161ancov naroden\u00fdch pred rokom 1950. Emerencia Benovi\u010dov\u00e1 a Eva Koll\u00e1rovi\u010dov\u00e1 boli posledn\u00e9 dve p\u00f4rodn\u00e9 babice v na\u0161ej obci. Sn\u00e1\u010f nebolo nikoho, komu by nepomohli na svet. Pre\u010do tak\u00fdto \u00favod? V dne\u0161n\u00fd de\u0148 si toti\u017e pripom\u00edname Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd de\u0148 p\u00f4rodn\u00fdch asistentiek a po starom by sme ich mohli prirovna\u0165 pr\u00e1ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3849,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,41],"tags":[23],"class_list":["post-3602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanky","category-historia","tag-23"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.obernussdorf.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3602","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.obernussdorf.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.obernussdorf.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.obernussdorf.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.obernussdorf.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3602"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.obernussdorf.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3602\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3850,"href":"https:\/\/www.obernussdorf.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3602\/revisions\/3850"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.obernussdorf.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3849"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.obernussdorf.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3602"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.obernussdorf.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3602"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.obernussdorf.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3602"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}